The translation is a cognitive activity, while humans, as cognitive subjects, have different ways of thinking. This condition has implications for the difference in translation results; infrequently, the translation results need to be clarified for the reader. Therefore, an investigation into the problems of learning Arabic needs to be carried out to minimize the emergence of a generation of incompetent Arabic translators. This study aims to investigate the psychological dynamics that occur in a person to cause differences in the way of thinking in Arabic translation. This research is qualitative research using a multi-case approach. The research subjects consisted of 10 Nurul Ummah students as a single-case analysis and 4 LSQ Ar-Rohmah students as a cross-case analysis. The data collection technique used interviews and documentation to assess translated results by expert Arab-Indo translators. Data processing to data visualization implemented NVivo 12 Plus analyzing the suitability of patterns between single and cross-case cases by synchronizing interview transcription results and translated values. The results of the data analysis found several problems that caused differences in the way of thinking of participants in Arabic translation. First, the difference in the weak structural representation of nahwu-shorof due to the difference in the age of knowledge acquisition, the number of activities participated in by participants, and the selection of the priority scale of selected activities; second, differences in inferential planning accuracy due to differences in participant habituation in Arabic translation.