Indonesia is a unitary state that introducing special autonomy since 1999. This policy is outlined in MPR Decree number IV on the Guidelines of State Policy in 1999-2004 to the rst of the General Assembly 14 to 21 October 1999. However, the problem from to turn the power of the President Abdurrahman Wahid, untill President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is still being questioned. It is because the views of people on the Indonesian government in contrast to the views of the people of Papua. View of the government, autonomy is de ned as the power to control and take care of the housekeeping area, which is attached to a unitary state like any in the federation. In a unitary state, regional autonomy is more limited to the countries that form the federation. The authority to control and take care of the household in a unitary state area includes all governmental authority except some matters that are held by the central government such as international relations, justice, nance, defense and security. Meanwhile, the views of the people of Papua, autonomy means that all the demands that have the rule of law, peace, and can solve the major problems facing the people of Papua. But the decision of the DPR RI relating to the special autonomy Papua were affecting the position of the people of Papua, giving rise to their desire for independence. Resolving these problems, some measures have been taken by the Indonesian government including: (1) Papua divided to be more two provinces; (2) the establishment of the Papuan People’s Assembly (MRP) as a condition for the implementation of special autonomy and (3) the provision of development funds in accordance with the special autonomy law. However, all of the policies that the central government is sometimes also lead to new con icts (such as the division of Papua that has cost the lives of the people of Papua). Why the con ict in Papua has not been resolved even though the various policies have been rati ed?