Purpose-The purpose of this study is to examine the problem of scarcity related to the theory proposed by Robert Malthus and its relevance today. As well as how Islam views the nature of scarcity. Methods- This research is classified as library research, where the collection of library materials that are relevant to the research topic is the main strength of this research. In addition, this research can be categorized in the study of character studies, namely a systematic and critical study of Robert Malthus's economic thinking related to the theory of scarcity. Findings- In Islamic economics, if we return to the problem of food scarcity that Malthus argues is caused by the explosion of the population that is not illuminated with the amount of food in the world, then in essence, Allah SWT has bestowed nature and its contents to meet human needs. Every human being already has a part of their respective benefits, so there can be no shortage in terms of food-related to the increase in population that occurs. Implications- Ideally, Malthus's theory reminds us that population growth must still pay attention to environmental sustainability, meaning that it must be adjusted to the carrying capacity and environmental capacity.