Munculnya fenomena paham keislaman yang amat beragam, tentunya memilki latar belakang kemunculannya, batasan dan ciri-ciri dari masing-masing gerakan pemikiran Islam yang muncul di Indonesia. Masing-masing mempunyai corak dan wajah yang cukup beragama. Dari corak tersebut perlu diketahui dan dipelajari. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah kajian pustaka dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi Agama dan sejarah yang akan mengungkap beberapa konsep pemikiran Islam kontemporer di Indonesia. Perkembangan pemikiran islam di Indonesia semakin berkembang dengan lahirnya beberapa tokoh-tokoh pemikirin islam diantaranya K. H. Ahmad Dahlan, Abdur Rahman Wahid (Gus Dur), Nur Khalid Majid, Fazlur Rahman, Muslim Hassan Hanafi, Adonis, Mahmud Muhammad Thaha, Nash Hamid Abu Zaid, Muhammad Syahrur, dengan berbagai pemikiran yang berbeda-beda. Adapun perkembangan dan konsep pemikiran Islam di Indonesia ada empat (4) yaitu: 1. Pemikiran Islam Fundamentali. 2. Neo Tradisionalis. 3. Neo Modernis. dan 4. Liberalis.Kata Kunci: Konsep Pemikiran Islam, Pendidikan Kontemporer The emergence of the phenomenon of Islamic understanding are very diverse, of course, have the background of its emergence, extent and characteristics of each movement of Islamic thought which emerged in Indonesia. Each has a complexion and facial pretty religious. Based the feature needs to be known and studied. The type of this research is literature review using a sociological approach to religion and history that will reveal some of the concepts of contemporary Islamic thought in Indonesia. The development of Islamic thought in Indonesia is growing with the birth of some of the figures Islamic thought among KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Abdur Rahman Wahid (Gus Dur), Nur Khalid Majid, Fazlur Rahman, Muslim Hassan Hanafi, Adonis, Mahmoud Muhammad Taha, Nash Hamid Abu Zaid, Muhammad Shahrur, with a variety of different ideas. The development and the concept of Islamic thought in Indonesia there are four (4): 1. Islamic Thought Fundamentally. 2. Neo Traditionalist. 3. Neo Modernists and 4. Liberals.Keywords: Concepts Of Contemporary Islamic, Contemporer Of Education