Discussion modernization of Islamic education in Turkey is not new. The number of outstanding writings on the history of Turkey in every perspective, making the specificity of this article on the history of education who was born in Turkey. but search as educational activities conducted in Turkey showed the modernization of education in Turkey has a long history of the birth of modernization for other Muslim countries that pay attention to education. Based on this paper it is peeled, in order to explore the background of the emergence of modernization of education in Turkey. It is to find forms modernization as undertaken in the field of education. Then the birth of modernization of education is the impact of the circumstances that occurred in the system of social, political and economic residing in Turkey. Factors European expansion, rigid bureaucratic system, the progress of European nations into the peak of social change in Turkish society, giving rise Modernization of Education. As a result, emerging policies and orientation that brings progress for Turkey in any time and future exchanges. The education modernization is models of schools established by the government and the public to use the curriculum applied in schools. The treatment is done by adding modern science, let the religious sciences in position, and to disappear and then reappear and eventually integrate scientific religion with modern science is a progressive action in advancing education. Education in the form of modernization of Turkey is starting in the 18th century, continued in the 19th century until the 20th century by the way; The establishment of schools, community empowerment, curriculum development, and the liberation rasionalisasi in Turkey