<p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Studi ini mengkaji perkembangan ilmu falak di Nusantara. Perkembangan studi falak memang relatif tertinggal jauh dari perkembangannya di pusat-pusat peradaban Islam seperti Damaskus, Baghdad, Kairo dan Cordova. Ilmu falak baru berkembang di Kepulauan Nusantara sejak abad 19-20 M. Penulisan karya-karya ilmu falak oleh ulama Nusantara abad 19-20 pun lebih didasari oleh pemenuhan kebutuhan ibadah sehari-hari, khususnya salat dan puasa. Dalam konteks ini, penggambaran historiografi dan transmisi perkembangan ilmu falak dari Timur Tengah ke Nusantara masih terhitung sebagai kajian terlantar. Karena itu, diperlukan kajian komprehensif tentang perkembangan studi ilmu falak di Indonesia. Sebagai studi awal, artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan sejarah dimana datanya didasarkan pada telaah dokumen. Kajian ini mengemukakan bahwa ilmu falak mulai berkembang di Nusantara mulai abad ke-19, dimana para ulama Nusantara mendalami ilmu tersebut dari Timur Tengah dengan ragam motivasi, dan kemudian mereka mengembangkannya di tanah kelahiran dan mewariskan sejumlah karya dalam bidang ini.</p><p><strong>Abstract: Historiography of the Science of Astronomy in Indonesian Archipelago: History, Motivation and Early Figures</strong>. This study examines the development of astronomy in Indonesian archipelago which was relatively left behind by its development in the centers of Islamic civilization such as Damascus, Baghdad, Cairo and Cordova. As a matter of fact, astronomy did not develop in the Archipelago until in the 19th and 20th centuries, when some works on the field were identified. These works of the 19th and 20th century scholars mostly fulfilled the needs of daily worship, especially prayer and fasting. The historiography of astronomy in Indonesia and its transmission from the Middle East present an interesting field of research that has not been. The present article is a result of a preliminary library research focusing on history, motivation, and the early scholars of the field. Apparently, local scholars studied astronomy in different seats of knowledge in the Middle East and then brought it home. In order to meet local need they authored several books on the field which need to be be studied further in the coming years.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> astronomi, ulama, Nusantara, Timur Tengah</p>