Women in Political Leadership: Between Religious Doctrine and Historical Fact (an Analysis on FatimaMernissi’s thought in Sulthânât al-Mansiyât). Women in political leadership have been hot topic among Muslimsocieties. Many of them hardly rejected female political leadership with religious textual argumentation of theQur’an and hadiś that prohibited women to be leader beyond men. On the contrary, the other Muslim scholarsallowed women freely to be leader with the same argumentation from the Qur’an and hadis. Foregoingargumentation, Fatima Mernissi is one of the womanhood modernists stated clearly that the women also haveequal political right in Islam. She tried to criticize the religious texts that are “considered” to come down offwomen role in politic area. Her attempt to enhance women right is by showing historical facts that many Islamickingdoms were lead by women. The historical facts were written in her great book, al-Sulthânât al-Mansiyât: Nisâ’Ra’îsât Dawlah fî al-Islâm. He said that historical method was exactly suitable in interpreting crucial religious texts