NĀZIK AL-MALĀ`IKAH: Sepintas Biografi dan Pemikirannya tentang Puisi Bebas (Studi Tokoh Sastra Arab)

Abstract

This article aims to provide a short biography of Iraqi Arabpoet, Nāzik al-Malā`ikah, and her thoughts about free verse(al-syi’r al-h} urr). In this paper, the writer applies herpersonal life history. The results of this article show thatNāzik is a popular figure in modern Arabic literature. Sheoccupies a prominent position not only because of herinnovative experimental poetry, but also because of hercritical theories. Since the publication of her first collection,‘Āsyiqah al-Lail (1947),—which contains one of her bestknown works entitledKūlīra—she has contributed towardtransforming Arabic poetry in terms of its orientation andstructure. This is reflected equally in her works and in hercritical theorization of the new poetic form known as freeverse (al-syi’r al-h} urr). In 1949, she published her secondvolume of poems, Syazāyā wa Ramād, and prefaced it witha theory of new poetry metrics. Nāzik defines free verse (alsyi’r al-hurr) as any poetry that departs from the twohemistich line system and that employs the taf'ilah “foot”.And, the basic of the taf'ilah poetry is the unity of metricalfoot. In her theory of new poetry metrics, she recommendedtwo kinds of meters. They are pure meters (al-buhūr al-sāfiyah) and mixed meters (al-buhūr al-mamzūjah).