Konsep Negara Dan Pemerintahan Dalam Perspektif Fikih Siyazah Al-Gazzali

Abstract

As one of the most comprehensive Islamic thinkers in the realm of�thought, al-Gazz?l? to be one of the points of references to Islamic thought in�this day, including in this case is about the concept of state and government.�This article wants to show the wealth of thought of al-Gazz?l? relates to state�and government. According to al-Gazz?l?, the political power and religion has a�very strong interdependence. This case he is expressed in terms of ad-d?n as?s wa�a?-?ul??n h?ri? (religion as a basis and sultan or the country as a protector). Thus,�al-Gazz?l? firmly stated that the construct of the state and the government is�demand of religion (min dar?riyy?t asy-syar�i) that can not be ignored (l? sabi?la il? tarkih). Furthermore, in this article, showed that al-Gazz?l? considers the Imamate�or the government is a successor of the Prophet. It�s because of his function that inheren with the religious issues, so the caliph in running his government�is regarded as a saint (muqaddas). About the source of authority of power, alGazz?l? considers that it is not a God given (theocracy) but by the support of�the wider community represented by people who are influential (�ahl asy-syawka)�and followed by other people. Al-Gazz?l? stressed that the rise and fall of a ruler�depends entirely to the presence and absence of support from the community�(Muslims). So, in this case, al-Gazz?l? is differ with the mainstream paradigm of�Shiite and also does not have a fatalistic paradigm (Jabariyah).