The study of prophetic tradition which focuses on socio-historical perspectives must be conducted toexplore a new perspectives of prophetic tradition studies. The science of contradictive prophetictradition which established by al-Syafi’i is a part of prophetic tradition sciences which can be analyzedwith socio-historical perspectives. This article used a sociology of knowledge dialectic approach to finda socio-historical background of establishment of the science of contradictive prophetic tradition. Thisapproach conclude that the framework of al-Syafi’i’s science of contradictive prophetic tradition influ-enced by many thoughts on prophetic tradition which arose in al-Syafi’i’s life especially the destructiveone to the position of prophetic tradition in Islam. According to sociology of knowledge perspective,al-Syafi’i’s science of contradictive prophetic tradition must be open to receive a new contribution ofmethodology of prophetic tradition understanding. Keywords: Dialectic; Externalization; Objectivication; Internalization