Ulama serve as a spiritual leader as well as an authority that becomes a reference for the people of Aceh in various socio-cultural issues and problems faced by society on a daily basis. During the time of Sultan Iskandar Muda, the clergy had a very important position and role, as said Adat Bak Po Teumeureuhom, Hukom Bak Syiah Kuala, Resam Bak Laksamana, Qanun Bak Putroe Phang. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of Islamic scholars and educational institutions during the Aceh sultanate. The type of research used is literature. Data collection techniques were carried out through literature study, data analysis techniques in this study, researchers used content analysis. The results of the study show that: (1) the existence of the Aceh sultanate's ulama as fatwas givers. At the macro level, the ulama of Sultan Iskandar Muda's time held quite high positions, namely as qadhi (qadhi malikul just at the royal level and qadhi uleebalang at the naggroe level). ; (2) the development of science and culture has given rise to Islamic educational institutions during the Aceh sultanate, namely meunasah, pekarangan, dayah, dayah teungku chik and jami`ah.