The Economic Portrait of Mamluk Dynasty of Egypt; History and Thought

Abstract

Abstract

This article discusses the economic portrait during the Mamluk dynasty in Egypt; The history and thought by aiming to find out how the Islamic economy during the Mamluk dynasty in Egypt was. This research used qualitative research based on the library (library research) with a descriptive qualitative approach and technical analysis and also content analysis. The results of this study indicated that the Islamic economy during the Mamluk Dynasty advanced with various policies such as the governmental system that was the military oligarchic not monarchic, rewarding for scientists and academics, establishing trade relations with foreign countries, free-market policies to farmers, navy resilience, and the effective use of waqf property. Meanwhile, the decline was caused by a prolonged economic crisis, the sultan's lifestyle, corruption and economic monopoly, attacks by other nations, and the bad behavior of the sultans.

Keywords: Mamluk Dynasty, Advancement, Decline, Economy

Abstrak.

Artikel ini membahas potret ekonomi selama dinasti Mamluk di Mesir; Sejarah dan pemikiran dengan bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana ekonomi Islam selama dinasti Mamluk di Mesir. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif yang berbasis pada perpustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan analisis teknis serta analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekonomi Islam selama Dinasti Mamluk maju dengan berbagai kebijakan seperti sistem pemerintahan yang oligarki militer tidak monarkis, memberi imbalan bagi para ilmuwan dan akademisi, membangun hubungan perdagangan dengan negara-negara asing, kebijakan pasar bebas untuk petani, ketahanan angkatan laut, dan penggunaan efektif properti wakaf. Sementara itu, penurunan tersebut disebabkan oleh krisis ekonomi yang berkepanjangan, gaya hidup sultan, korupsi dan monopoli ekonomi, serangan oleh negara-negara lain, dan perilaku buruk para sultan.

Kata kunci: Dinasti Mamluk, Kemajuan, Penurunan, Ekonomi