Improving Perspective-Taking, Fantasy, Personal Distress and Empathic Accuracy of Students through the Socratic Dialogue Methods

  • Murdianto Murdianto
Keywords: empathy, learning model, pre-service education, the Socratic dialogue method, teacher candidates

Abstract

Four elements of empathy are perspective-taking, fantasy, personal distress, and emphatic accuracy. Empathy is essential for people, especially for those who will work as helpers, such as teachers, counselors, nurses, doctors, and other similar professions. This paper studies and measures the effectiveness of the Socratic dialogue method used to increase four elements of student's empathy. This experimental study uses a pretest-posttest control group design. Nineteen participants were selected and divided into the experimental and control group. The experimental results were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA and t-test using SPSS 20.0 for Windows. The results indicate that Socratic dialogue is effective in improving four elements of empathy.

Keywords: empathy, learning model, pre-service education, the Socratic dialogue method, teacher candidates.

 

Empat elemen empati adalah perspective-taking, fantasy, personal distress, dan emphatic accuracy. Empati penting bagi individu, khususnya bagi mereka yang akan bekerja sebagai helper, seperti guru, konselor, perawat, dokter dan profesi sejenis.  Penelitian ini menguji efektifitas metode dialog Socratic untuk meningkatkan empati mahasiswa. Penelitian eksperimen ini menggunakan pretest-posttest control group design. 19 partisipan terpilih dan dibagi dalam kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Hasil eksperimen ini dianalisis dengan uji anova satu jalan dan uji-t, dengan bantuan program SPSS release 20.0 for windows. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode dialog Socratic efektif dalam meningkatkan empati mahasiswa. 

Kata kunci: calon guru, empati, metode dialog Socratic, model pembelajaran, pendidikan prajabatan..

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anderman, E.M. & Anderman, L.H. (Eds.). (2009). Psychology of Classroom Learning. New York: Macmillan Reference.

Batson, C.D. (2009). These Things Called Empathy: Eight Related but Distinct Phenomena. In Decety, J. & Ickes, W. (Eds.). The Social Neuroscience of Empathy. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.

Boyer, W., (2010). Empathy Development in Teacher Candidates. Early Childhood Education Journal, 10 (38): 313–321.

Broomhead, K. E. (2013). 'You cannot learn this from a book'; pre-service teachers developing empathy towards parents of children with Special Educational Needs (SEN) via parent stories. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 28 (2): 173-186

Calwson, J.G.& Haskins, M.G. (2006). Teaching Management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Das, P.R. & Shah, A.F. (2012). Impact of parenting on empathy and personal distress among adolescents. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 3 (3): 292-295.

Davis, M.H. (1980). A Multidimensional Approach to Individual Differences in Empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10: 85-97.

Douglas, K. & Coburn, C. (2005). Students Designing Role-Plays: Building Empathy In Law Students? Journal Of The Australasian Law Teachers Association, 61 (120): 55-63.

Dovidio, J.F. & Penner, L. A. (2003). Helping and Altruism. in Fletcher, G.J.O & Clark, M.S (Eds), Blackwell. Handbook Of Social Psychology: Interpersonal Processes. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.

Fathurrohman, (2010). Kualitas Empati dan Intensi Prososial Sebagai Dasar Kepribadian Konselor. Laporan Penelitian. Yogyakarta: UNY.

Fraenkel, J.R. & Wallen, N. E. (2009). How To Design and Evaluate Research In Education. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Fritsch, J., Júdice, A., Soini, K. & Tretten, P. (2007). Storytelling And Repetitive Narratives for Design Empathy: Case Suomenlinna. Journal of Design Inquiries, Swedia: Stockholm (http://www.nordes.org)

Good, J.S., Fox, J. & Coffen, R. (2011). Fostering the Development of Empathy in the Classroom: a Strategic Response to The Problem of Bullying. Teach Journal of Christian Education, 5 (1): 24-30.

Halimah, S. (2007). Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Kompetensi Terhadap Kompetensi Profesional Keguruan: Studi Eksperimen Terhadap Mahasiswa Fakultas Tarbiyah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara. Disertasi. Bandung: Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Hamilton, P., Ullrich, D. & Pavelock, D., (2006). The old is new again: using the Socratic teaching method in a graduate student setting. NACTA Journal, 50 (4): 66.

Hay, I & Foley, P. 1998. Ethics, Geography, and Responsible Citizenship. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 22 (2):169-183.

Hojat,M.R. (2007). Empathy in Patient Care. New York: Springer Science and Business Media.

Hornsby, K.L. & Maki, W.M. (2008). The Virtual Philosopher: Designing Socratic Method Learning Objects for Online Philosophy Courses. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 4 (3): 391-400.

Iqbal, N., Rahimi, H. & Rezai, F. (2014). Effect of Life Skills Training On Empathy of The Iranian High School Students. The International Journal Of Humanities & Social Studies, 2 (5): 282-289.

Jameson, M., Krupa, T., O'Riordan, A., O'Connor, D., Patterson, M., Ball, C. & Walcox, S. (2006). Developing empathy as a foundation of client-centered practice. The Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 73 (2): 76.

Joyce, B. &Weil, M. (2003). Model of Teaching (5th Edition). Boston: Allyn &Bacon.

Knafo, A., Zahn-Waxler, C., Van Hulle, C., Robinson, J.L.& Rhee, S.H. (2008). The Developmental Origins of a Disposition Toward Empathy: Genetic and Environmental Contributions. Journal of the American Psychological Association: Emotion, 8 (6): 737–752.

Mar, R.A., Oatley, K & Peterson, J.B. (2009). Exploring The Link Between Reading Fiction and Empathy: Ruling Out Individual Differences And Examining Outcomes. Toronto: Walter de Gruyter.

Marjo, HK. (2015). Kondisi Empati Dasar Mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling Se-DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Psiko Edukasi, 13 (2), 128-135

Maxwell, B. (2008). Professional Ethics Education: Studies in Compassionate Empathy. Westfälische: Springer.

Pianta, R.C., Hamre, B. & Stuhlman, M. (2003). Relationships Between Teachers and Children. In W.M. Reynolds, G.E. Miller &I.B. Weiner (Eds). Handbook of Psychology Vol 7. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Pujiyanti, A., (2009). Kontribusi Empati Terhadap Perilaku Altruisme Pada Peserta didik Siswi SMA Negeri 1 Setu Bekasi. Jurnal Psikologi Universitas Gunadarma, (Online).

Salkind, N. J., (2008). Encyclopedia of Educational Psychology. Californinia: SAGE Pub. Inc.

Sauer, J. & Sauer, C., (2010). Challenging Pre-service Teachers' Understanding of the Intersection of Disability and Cultural Diversity. Journal of Praxis in Multicultural Education. 5 (1): 23-35.

Schultz, W. P., (2000). Taking on Concern for Environmental Issues Empathizing With Nature: The Effects of Perspective-Taking on Concern for Environmental Issues. Journal of Social Issues, 56 (3): 391–406.

Semrud-Clikeman, M., (2007). Social Competence in Children. New York: Springer.

Shapiro, J., Morrison, E H. & Boker, J.R., (2004). Teaching Empathy to First Year Medical Students: Evaluation of an Elective Literature and Medicine Course. Journal Education for Health, 17 (1): 73-84.

Shapiro, J., (2007).Using literature and the arts to develop empathy in medical students. Empathy in Mental Illness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Singh, V. (2010). Effectiveness of the Jurisprudential Inquiry Model of Teaching on Value Inclination of School Students. Journal of Educational Research: Indian Educational Review, 47 (2): 45-71.

Vorkapić, T. & Ružić, N. (2013). Measuring Empathy in Future Preschool Teachers: Implications for Study Program Modification. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 3(6): 188-195.

Whitley, H., (2012). Active-Learning Diabetes Simulation in an Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience to Develop Patient Empathy. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 76 (10): 203.

Published
2020-10-28
How to Cite
Murdianto, M. (2020). Improving Perspective-Taking, Fantasy, Personal Distress and Empathic Accuracy of Students through the Socratic Dialogue Methods. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 12(2), 163-182. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v12i2.473
Abstract views: 1142 , PDF downloads: 760